Pattern of Vegetable Consumption among Pregnant Women Attending Primary Health Care Facilities in Patani Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria
Lilian E. Okogba
Department of Public and Community Health, Novena University, Ogume, Delta State, Nigeria.
John E. Moyegbone *
Department of Optometry, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.
Josiah O. Adjene
Department of Public and Community Health, Novena University, Ogume, Delta State, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aim: Vegetables provide key nutrients essential to promoting and maintaining good health. This study aimed to determine the perception of the importance and pattern of vegetable consumption among pregnant women attending Primary Health Care facilities in Patani Local Government Area (L.G.A) of Delta State, Nigeria.
Study Design: A population-based descriptive cross-sectional survey of 368 pregnant women aged 15-49 years was conducted in Patani L.G.A, Plateau State, Nigeria using a multi-stage cluster random sampling design.
Methodology: Data were collected by face-to-face interview using a structured questionnaire. Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) data were used to estimate habitual frequency of intake of dark green leafy vegetable for previous 7 days.
Results: Of the 368 pregnant women, age group 21-25 years and 26-30 years with prevalence of 95 (25.8%) and 90 (24.5%) respectively were the highest age groups. Two hundred and twenty-one (60.1%) agree that a maternal diet rich in vegetables and eaten during pregnancy reduces risk of gestational diabetes, hypertension, preterm birth and foetal growth restriction, and the perception of the respondents was high. Ugu leaf 257 (69.8%), Bitter leaf 173 (47.0%) and water leaf 151 (41.0%) were the most available vegetable in the respondent’s community. 19% of the respondents did not consume vegetable, 26.6% consumed vegetable seven times and 13.9% consumed vegetables three times in the last 7 days prior to the study. The mean frequency of vegetable consumption is 11.6%. 55% of respondents put vegetables into food towards the end of cooking the food. 33.4% of the respondents spent N 150- N 200 to purchase vegetable to cook.
Conclusion: Vegetable consumption is highly nutritious especially during pregnancy. Its pattern of consumption varies depending on the perception of its importance, educational status, age group, types of vegetable available and the financial power of purchase.
Keywords: Pregnant women, primary health, health care, community health
How to Cite
Downloads
References
Tachi K, Tetteh J, Yawson A, Agyei A, Archampong T. Alcohol consumption and fruits and vegetable intake among older adults in Ghana : A cross- sectional survey based on WHO- SAGE Wave 2 data, BMJ Nutr. Prev. Heal. 2020;3: e000102.
DOI: 10.1136/bmjnph-2020-000102
Hromi-Fiedler A. Barriers and facilitators to improve fruit and vegetable intake among WIC eligible pregnant Latinas: An application of the Health Action Process Approach framework, J Nutr Educ Behav. 2016;48(7):468–77.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2016.04.398.Barriers
World Health Organization. Diet, nutrition, and the prevalence of chronic diseases. 916 WHO Technical Report Series, World Heal. Organ. Geneva, Switz; 2003.
He F, Nowson C, Lucas M. Increased consumption of fruit and vegetables is related to a reduced risk of coronary heart disease: meta-analysis of cohort studies, J Hum Hypertens. 2007;21: 717–28.
International Agency for Research on Cancer. Fruit and Vegetables, in IARC Handbooks of Cancer Prevention Volume 8. IARC Publications; 2003.
Tadesse S. Determinants of anemia among pregnant mothers attending antenatal care in Dessie town health facilities, northern central Ethiopia, unmatched case -control study, PLoS One. 2017;12(3):e0173173.
Khan K, Wojdyla D, Say L, Gu lmezoglu A, Van LP. WHO analysis of causes of maternal death: a systematic review, The Lancet.2006;367(9516):1066–74.
Karaoglu L. The prevalence of nutritional anaemia in pregnancy in an East Anatolian Province, Turkey. BMC Public Health. 2010;10(1):1-10.
King J. Maternal obesity, metabolism, and pregnancy outcomes, Annu Rev Nutr. 2006;26:271– 91.
Martin C, Sotres-Alvarez D, Siega-Riz A. Maternal Dietary Patterns during the Second Trimester Are Associated with Preterm Birth, J Nutr. 2015;145:1857–64.
Maconochie N, Doyle P, Prior S, Simmons R. Risk factors for first trimester miscarriage--results from a UK-population-based case-control study, BJOG. 2007;114:170–86.
Longo-Mbenza B, Kadima-Tshimanga B, Buassa-bu-Tsumbu B, M’Buyamba KJ. Diets rich in vegetables and physical activity are associated with a decreased risk of pregnancy induced hypertension among rural women from Kimpese, DR Congo, Niger J Med. 2008;17:45– 9.
Li L, Werler M. Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of upper respiratory tract infection in pregnant women, Public Heal. Nutr. 2010;13:276–82.
Bao W, Bowers K, Tobias D. Prepregnancy low-carbohydrate dietary pattern and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study, Am J Clin Nutr. 2014;99:1378–84.
Murphy M, Stettler N, Smith K, Reiss R. Associations of consumption of fruits and vegetables during pregnancy with infant birth weight or small for gestational age births: a systematic review of the literature, Int J Womens Heal. 2014;6:899–912.
National Population Commission. Population Distribution by Sex, State, LGA & Senatorial district, Fed. Repub. Niger; 2006.
Ojiako J, Igbokwe E. Trend Analysis of Landcover/ Landuse Change in Patani L.G.A, Delta State Nigeria, Int. J. Adv. Eng. Res. Sci. 2017;4(9):90–3.
DOI: 10.22161/ijaers.4.9.16
Umallawala T, Shah P, Puwar T, Saha S, Pandya A. Food Consumption Pattern and Dietary Diversity Among Pregnant and Lactating Women, Children, and Adolescent Girls in Devbhumi Dwarka District , Gujarat : A Cross-Sectional Study, Cureus. 2022;14(8):4–11.
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28168
Chopra H. Effect of a daily snack containing green leafy vegetables on women ’ s fatty acid status : A randomized controlled trial in Mumbai , India, Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2018;27(4):804–17.
DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.032018.01.
Chen Q. A Vegetable Dietary Pattern Is Associated with Lowered Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Chinese Women, Diabetes Metab. 2020;44: 887–96.
Fan HY. Maternal Vegetable and Fruit Consumption during Pregnancy and Its Effects on Infant Gut Microbiome, Nutrients. 2021;13:1559-65.
Fasola O, Abosede O, Fasola F. Knowledge, attitude and practice of good nutrition among women of childbearing age in Somolu Local Government, Lagos State, J. Public Health Africa. 2018;9: 42–6.
DOI: 10.4081/jphia.2018.
Martínez-galiano J, Amezcua-prieto C, Salcedo-bellido I, González-mata G, Bueno-cavanillas A, Delgado-rodríguez M. “Maternal dietary consumption of legumes, vegetables and fruit during pregnancy, does it protect against small for gestational age?, BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2018;4: 1–10.
Rodrigues V. Vegetable Consumption and Factors Associated with Increased Intake among College Students : A Scoping Review of the Last 10 Years, Nutrients. 2019;11:1634–62.
El Ansari W, Suominen S, Berg-Beckhoff G. Is Healthier Nutrition Behaviour Associated with Better Self-Reported Health and Less Health Complaints? Evidence from Turku, Finland, Nutrients. 2015;7:8478–90.
Kowalcze K, Turyk Z, Drywien M. Nutrition of students from dietetics profile education in the Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities compared with students from other academic centres, Rocz. Panstw. Zakl. Hig. 2016;67: 51–8.
Al-Rethaiaa A, Fahmy A, Al-Shwaiyat N. Obesity and eating habits among college students in Saudi Arabia: A cross sectional study, Nutr. J. 2010;9:39-45.
Van-den-Berg V, Okeyo A, Dannhauser A, Nel M. Body weight, eating practices and nutritional knowledge amongst university nursing students, Eastern Cape, South Africa, Afr. J. Prim. Heal. Care Fam. Med. 2012;4:323-9.
Mushonga N, Chagwena D, Benhura C, Nyanga L. An assessment of the nutritional status of University of Zimbabwe students, Pak. J. Nutr. 2013;12:30–3.
Prattala R, Hakala S, Roskam Al. Association between educational level and vegetable use in nine European countries, Public Heal. Nutr. 2009;12: 2174–82.
De-Irala-Estevez J, Groth M, Johansson L. A systematic review of socio- economic differences in food habits in Europe: consumption of fruit and vegetables, Eur J Clin Nutr. 2000;54: 706–14.
Poscia A. Eating episode frequency and fruit and vegetable consumption among Italian university students, Ann. IST Super Sanita. 2017;53:199–204.